17 juillet 2009
Tobacco Impacts
CBO also estimates that the amount of tax revenues and settlement funds collected by state and local governments would decline as a result of the federal regulations authorized by this bill because of lower consumption of tobacco products.
However,
those declines in revenues, estimated to total over $1 billion during the 2010-2014
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period, would not result from intergovernmental mandates. Rather, the decline in
revenues would be an indirect effect on state and local governments resulting from the
new federal regulations imposed on companies that manufacture and distribute tobacco
products.
In 2008, state and local governments collected about $19 billion in revenues from excise
and general sales taxes levied on tobacco products. CBO estimates that this bill would
lower consumption of those products and that excise taxes collected by state and local
governments would fall by about $20 million in 2010, with that reduction growing to
over $300 million in 2014. Similarly, CBO estimates that state and local governments
would see a decline in sales-tax revenues of about $160 million over the 2010-2014
period.
02 juin 2009
Countries can save lives by raising tobacco taxes
Tobacco tax increases are the most effective
way to reduce tobacco use, and also have the
benefit of increasing government revenues.
Although many countries have raised tobacco
taxes, they remain low in the overwhelming
majority of countries. With inflation and
increased consumer purchasing power,
cigarettes are becoming relatively more
affordable, even in many countries where
the tax accounts for a large proportion of
the purchase price. Furthermore, in many
countries, low levels of taxation on smoked
tobacco products other than cigarettes
(e.g. bidis and kreteks) and low prices for
inexpensive brands of cigarettes reduce the
potential health benefits of tobacco taxation
and can undermine other tobacco control
interventions.
Countries could cut tobacco use
significantly and save lives through higher
tobacco taxes.
Among 152 countries that provided
information, cigarette tax rates range from
near zero to more than 80%. Most countries
could increase taxes significantly. One quarter
of countries report tax rates less than 25% of
the tobacco retail price. Only four countries,
representing 2% of the world’s population,
have tax rates greater than 75% of retail price.
While more than four fifths of high-income
countries tax tobacco at more than 50% of
retail price, less than a quarter of low- and
middle-income countries tax tobacco at 50% or
more of retail price. This pattern is particularly
disturbing given the shift in the epidemic from
high-income countries to developing countries.
Increasing taxes in all countries is essential.
Many are already raising taxes – without
increasing smuggling or experiencing other
negative economic impacts predicted by the
tobacco industry.
In South Africa, tobacco
tax increases led to a doubling of the retail
price of cigarettes and a large increase in
tax revenues in the 1990s. During the same
period, cigarette consumption declined
dramatically; approximately 40% of the
decrease was due to smokers quitting. The
largest decreases were among young people
and low-wage earners, those who reduce
smoking most when prices increase.107
Increasing taxes is the most effective tobacco
control measure. Higher taxes reduce
consumption, lower health-care costs, help
households save money by reducing tobacco
use, and increase government revenues, which
can help pay for tobacco control interventions
and other policy priorities.